vtkCamera Class Reference

#include <vtkCamera.h>

Inheritance diagram for vtkCamera:

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Collaboration diagram for vtkCamera:

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List of all members.

Detailed Description

a virtual camera for 3D rendering

vtkCamera is a virtual camera for 3D rendering. It provides methods to position and orient the view point and focal point. Convenience methods for moving about the focal point also are provided. More complex methods allow the manipulation of the computer graphics model including view up vector, clipping planes, and camera perspective.

See also:: vtkPerspectiveTransform

Examples:: vtkCamera (Examples)

Tests:: vtkCamera (Tests)

Definition at line 47 of file vtkCamera.h.


Public Types
typedef vtkObject	Superclass
Public Member Functions
void	PrintSelf (ostream &os, vtkIndent indent)
virtual const char *	GetClassName ()
virtual int	IsA (const char *type)
void	OrthogonalizeViewUp ()
void	SetDistance (double)
void	Dolly (double value)
void	Roll (double angle)
void	Azimuth (double angle)
void	Yaw (double angle)
void	Elevation (double angle)
void	Pitch (double angle)
void	Zoom (double factor)
void	SetObliqueAngles (double alpha, double beta)
void	ApplyTransform (vtkTransform *t)
virtual vtkMatrix4x4 *	GetViewTransformMatrix ()
virtual void	Render (vtkRenderer *)
unsigned long	GetViewingRaysMTime ()
void	ViewingRaysModified ()
virtual void	GetFrustumPlanes (double aspect, double planes[24])
void	ComputeViewPlaneNormal ()
vtkMatrix4x4 *	GetCameraLightTransformMatrix ()
virtual void	UpdateViewport (vtkRenderer *vtkNotUsed(ren))
void	ShallowCopy (vtkCamera *source)
void	DeepCopy (vtkCamera *source)

void	SetPosition (double x, double y, double z)
void	SetPosition (const double a[3])
virtual double *	GetPosition ()
virtual void	GetPosition (double &, double &, double &)
virtual void	GetPosition (double[3])

void	SetFocalPoint (double x, double y, double z)
void	SetFocalPoint (const double a[3])
virtual double *	GetFocalPoint ()
virtual void	GetFocalPoint (double &, double &, double &)
virtual void	GetFocalPoint (double[3])

void	SetViewUp (double vx, double vy, double vz)
void	SetViewUp (const double a[3])
virtual double *	GetViewUp ()
virtual void	GetViewUp (double &, double &, double &)
virtual void	GetViewUp (double[3])

virtual double	GetDistance ()

virtual double *	GetDirectionOfProjection ()
virtual void	GetDirectionOfProjection (double &, double &, double &)
virtual void	GetDirectionOfProjection (double[3])

void	SetRoll (double angle)
double	GetRoll ()

void	SetParallelProjection (int flag)
virtual int	GetParallelProjection ()
virtual void	ParallelProjectionOn ()
virtual void	ParallelProjectionOff ()

void	SetUseHorizontalViewAngle (int flag)
virtual int	GetUseHorizontalViewAngle ()
virtual void	UseHorizontalViewAngleOn ()
virtual void	UseHorizontalViewAngleOff ()

void	SetViewAngle (double angle)
virtual double	GetViewAngle ()

void	SetParallelScale (double scale)
virtual double	GetParallelScale ()

void	SetClippingRange (double dNear, double dFar)
void	SetClippingRange (const double a[2])
virtual double *	GetClippingRange ()
virtual void	GetClippingRange (double &, double &)
virtual void	GetClippingRange (double[2])

void	SetThickness (double)
virtual double	GetThickness ()

void	SetWindowCenter (double x, double y)
virtual double *	GetWindowCenter ()
virtual void	GetWindowCenter (double &, double &)
virtual void	GetWindowCenter (double[2])

virtual double *	GetViewPlaneNormal ()
virtual void	GetViewPlaneNormal (double &, double &, double &)
virtual void	GetViewPlaneNormal (double[3])

void	SetViewShear (double dxdz, double dydz, double center)
void	SetViewShear (double d[3])
virtual double *	GetViewShear ()
virtual void	GetViewShear (double &, double &, double &)
virtual void	GetViewShear (double[3])

virtual void	SetEyeAngle (double)
virtual double	GetEyeAngle ()

virtual void	SetFocalDisk (double)
virtual double	GetFocalDisk ()

virtual vtkTransform *	GetViewTransformObject ()

virtual vtkMatrix4x4 *	GetPerspectiveTransformMatrix (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

virtual vtkMatrix4x4 *	GetProjectionTransformMatrix (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

virtual vtkPerspectiveTransform *	GetProjectionTransformObject (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

virtual vtkMatrix4x4 *	GetCompositePerspectiveTransformMatrix (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

virtual vtkMatrix4x4 *	GetCompositeProjectionTransformMatrix (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

void	SetUserViewTransform (vtkHomogeneousTransform *transform)
virtual vtkHomogeneousTransform *	GetUserViewTransform ()

void	SetUserTransform (vtkHomogeneousTransform *transform)
virtual vtkHomogeneousTransform *	GetUserTransform ()

double *	GetOrientation ()
double *	GetOrientationWXYZ ()

void	SetViewPlaneNormal (double x, double y, double z)
void	SetViewPlaneNormal (const double a[3])

virtual void	SetLeftEye (int)
virtual int	GetLeftEye ()
Static Public Member Functions
static int	IsTypeOf (const char *type)
static vtkCamera *	SafeDownCast (vtkObject *o)
static vtkCamera *	New ()
Protected Member Functions
	vtkCamera ()
	~vtkCamera ()
void	ComputeCameraLightTransform ()
void	PartialCopy (vtkCamera *source)

void	ComputeDistance ()
void	ComputeViewTransform ()

void	ComputePerspectiveTransform (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

void	ComputeCompositePerspectiveTransform (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

void	ComputeProjectionTransform (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)

void	ComputeCompositeProjectionTransform (double aspect, double nearz, double farz)
Protected Attributes
double	WindowCenter [2]
double	ObliqueAngles [2]
double	FocalPoint [3]
double	Position [3]
double	ViewUp [3]
double	ViewAngle
double	ClippingRange [2]
double	EyeAngle
int	ParallelProjection
double	ParallelScale
int	Stereo
int	LeftEye
double	Thickness
double	Distance
double	DirectionOfProjection [3]
double	ViewPlaneNormal [3]
double	ViewShear [3]
int	UseHorizontalViewAngle
vtkHomogeneousTransform *	UserTransform
vtkHomogeneousTransform *	UserViewTransform
vtkTransform *	ViewTransform
vtkPerspectiveTransform *	ProjectionTransform
vtkPerspectiveTransform *	Transform
vtkTransform *	CameraLightTransform
double	FocalDisk
vtkCameraCallbackCommand *	UserViewTransformCallbackCommand
vtkTimeStamp	ViewingRaysMTime
Friends
class	vtkCameraCallbackCommand

Member Typedef Documentation

typedef vtkObject vtkCamera::Superclass

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkMesaCamera, and vtkOpenGLCamera.

Definition at line 51 of file vtkCamera.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

vtkCamera::vtkCamera ( ) [protected]

vtkCamera::~vtkCamera ( ) [protected]

Member Function Documentation

void vtkCamera::PrintSelf	(	ostream &	os,
		vtkIndent	indent
	)			`[virtual]`

Methods invoked by print to print information about the object including superclasses. Typically not called by the user (use Print() instead) but used in the hierarchical print process to combine the output of several classes.

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkMesaCamera, and vtkOpenGLCamera.

virtual const char* vtkCamera::GetClassName ( ) [virtual]

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkMesaCamera, and vtkOpenGLCamera.

static int vtkCamera::IsTypeOf ( const char * name ) [static]

Return 1 if this class type is the same type of (or a subclass of) the named class. Returns 0 otherwise. This method works in combination with vtkTypeMacro found in vtkSetGet.h.

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkMesaCamera, and vtkOpenGLCamera.

virtual int vtkCamera::IsA ( const char * name ) [virtual]

Return 1 if this class is the same type of (or a subclass of) the named class. Returns 0 otherwise. This method works in combination with vtkTypeMacro found in vtkSetGet.h.

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkMesaCamera, and vtkOpenGLCamera.

static vtkCamera* vtkCamera::SafeDownCast ( vtkObject * o ) [static]

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkMesaCamera, and vtkOpenGLCamera.

static vtkCamera* vtkCamera::New ( ) [static]

Construct camera instance with its focal point at the origin, and position=(0,0,1). The view up is along the y-axis, view angle is 30 degrees, and the clipping range is (.1,1000).

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkMesaCamera, and vtkOpenGLCamera.

void vtkCamera::SetPosition	(	double	x,
		double	y,
		double	z
	)

Set/Get the position of the camera in world coordinates. The default position is (0,0,1).

void vtkCamera::SetPosition ( const double a[3] ) [inline]

Set/Get the position of the camera in world coordinates. The default position is (0,0,1).

Definition at line 62 of file vtkCamera.h.

virtual double* vtkCamera::GetPosition ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the position of the camera in world coordinates. The default position is (0,0,1).

virtual void vtkCamera::GetPosition	(	double &	,
		double &	,
		double &
	)			`[virtual]`

Set/Get the position of the camera in world coordinates. The default position is (0,0,1).

virtual void vtkCamera::GetPosition ( double [3] ) [virtual]

Set/Get the position of the camera in world coordinates. The default position is (0,0,1).

void vtkCamera::SetFocalPoint	(	double	x,
		double	y,
		double	z
	)

Set/Get the focal of the camera in world coordinates. The default focal point is the origin.

void vtkCamera::SetFocalPoint ( const double a[3] ) [inline]

Set/Get the focal of the camera in world coordinates. The default focal point is the origin.

Definition at line 71 of file vtkCamera.h.

virtual double* vtkCamera::GetFocalPoint ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the focal of the camera in world coordinates. The default focal point is the origin.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetFocalPoint	(	double &	,
		double &	,
		double &
	)			`[virtual]`

Set/Get the focal of the camera in world coordinates. The default focal point is the origin.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetFocalPoint ( double [3] ) [virtual]

Set/Get the focal of the camera in world coordinates. The default focal point is the origin.

void vtkCamera::SetViewUp	(	double	vx,
		double	vy,
		double	vz
	)

Set/Get the view up direction for the camera. The default is (0,1,0).

void vtkCamera::SetViewUp ( const double a[3] ) [inline]

Set/Get the view up direction for the camera. The default is (0,1,0).

Definition at line 80 of file vtkCamera.h.

virtual double* vtkCamera::GetViewUp ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the view up direction for the camera. The default is (0,1,0).

virtual void vtkCamera::GetViewUp	(	double &	,
		double &	,
		double &
	)			`[virtual]`

Set/Get the view up direction for the camera. The default is (0,1,0).

virtual void vtkCamera::GetViewUp ( double [3] ) [virtual]

Set/Get the view up direction for the camera. The default is (0,1,0).

void vtkCamera::OrthogonalizeViewUp ( )

Recompute the ViewUp vector to force it to be perpendicular to camera->focalpoint vector. Unless you are going to use Yaw or Azimuth on the camera, there is no need to do this.

void vtkCamera::SetDistance ( double )

Move the focal point so that it is the specified distance from the camera position. This distance must be positive.

virtual double vtkCamera::GetDistance ( ) [virtual]

Return the distance from the camera position to the focal point. This distance is positive.

virtual double* vtkCamera::GetDirectionOfProjection ( ) [virtual]

Get the vector in the direction from the camera position to the focal point. This is usually the opposite of the ViewPlaneNormal, the vector perpendicular to the screen, unless the view is oblique.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetDirectionOfProjection	(	double &	,
		double &	,
		double &
	)			`[virtual]`

Get the vector in the direction from the camera position to the focal point. This is usually the opposite of the ViewPlaneNormal, the vector perpendicular to the screen, unless the view is oblique.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetDirectionOfProjection ( double [3] ) [virtual]

Get the vector in the direction from the camera position to the focal point. This is usually the opposite of the ViewPlaneNormal, the vector perpendicular to the screen, unless the view is oblique.

void vtkCamera::Dolly ( double value )

Divide the camera's distance from the focal point by the given dolly value. Use a value greater than one to dolly-in toward the focal point, and use a value less than one to dolly-out away from the focal point.

void vtkCamera::SetRoll ( double angle )

Set the roll angle of the camera about the direction of projection.

double vtkCamera::GetRoll ( )

Set the roll angle of the camera about the direction of projection.

void vtkCamera::Roll ( double angle )

Rotate the camera about the direction of projection. This will spin the camera about its axis.

void vtkCamera::Azimuth ( double angle )

Rotate the camera about the view up vector centered at the focal point. Note that the view up vector is whatever was set via SetViewUp, and is not necessarily perpendicular to the direction of projection. The result is a horizontal rotation of the camera.

void vtkCamera::Yaw ( double angle )

Rotate the focal point about the view up vector, using the camera's position as the center of rotation. Note that the view up vector is whatever was set via SetViewUp, and is not necessarily perpendicular to the direction of projection. The result is a horizontal rotation of the scene.

void vtkCamera::Elevation ( double angle )

Rotate the camera about the cross product of the negative of the direction of projection and the view up vector, using the focal point as the center of rotation. The result is a vertical rotation of the scene.

void vtkCamera::Pitch ( double angle )

Rotate the focal point about the cross product of the view up vector and the direction of projection, using the camera's position as the center of rotation. The result is a vertical rotation of the camera.

void vtkCamera::SetParallelProjection ( int flag )

Set/Get the value of the ParallelProjection instance variable. This determines if the camera should do a perspective or parallel projection.

virtual int vtkCamera::GetParallelProjection ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the value of the ParallelProjection instance variable. This determines if the camera should do a perspective or parallel projection.

virtual void vtkCamera::ParallelProjectionOn ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the value of the ParallelProjection instance variable. This determines if the camera should do a perspective or parallel projection.

virtual void vtkCamera::ParallelProjectionOff ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the value of the ParallelProjection instance variable. This determines if the camera should do a perspective or parallel projection.

void vtkCamera::SetUseHorizontalViewAngle ( int flag )

Set/Get the value of the UseHorizontalViewAngle instance variable. If set, the camera's view angle represents a horizontal view angle, rather than the default vertical view angle. This is useful if the application uses a display device which whose specs indicate a particular horizontal view angle, or if the application varies the window height but wants to keep the perspective transform unchanges.

virtual int vtkCamera::GetUseHorizontalViewAngle ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the value of the UseHorizontalViewAngle instance variable. If set, the camera's view angle represents a horizontal view angle, rather than the default vertical view angle. This is useful if the application uses a display device which whose specs indicate a particular horizontal view angle, or if the application varies the window height but wants to keep the perspective transform unchanges.

virtual void vtkCamera::UseHorizontalViewAngleOn ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the value of the UseHorizontalViewAngle instance variable. If set, the camera's view angle represents a horizontal view angle, rather than the default vertical view angle. This is useful if the application uses a display device which whose specs indicate a particular horizontal view angle, or if the application varies the window height but wants to keep the perspective transform unchanges.

virtual void vtkCamera::UseHorizontalViewAngleOff ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the value of the UseHorizontalViewAngle instance variable. If set, the camera's view angle represents a horizontal view angle, rather than the default vertical view angle. This is useful if the application uses a display device which whose specs indicate a particular horizontal view angle, or if the application varies the window height but wants to keep the perspective transform unchanges.

void vtkCamera::SetViewAngle ( double angle )

Set/Get the camera view angle, which is the angular height of the camera view measured in degrees. The default angle is 30 degrees. This method has no effect in parallel projection mode. The formula for setting the angle up for perfect perspective viewing is: angle = 2*atan((h/2)/d) where h is the height of the RenderWindow (measured by holding a ruler up to your screen) and d is the distance from your eyes to the screen.

virtual double vtkCamera::GetViewAngle ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the camera view angle, which is the angular height of the camera view measured in degrees. The default angle is 30 degrees. This method has no effect in parallel projection mode. The formula for setting the angle up for perfect perspective viewing is: angle = 2*atan((h/2)/d) where h is the height of the RenderWindow (measured by holding a ruler up to your screen) and d is the distance from your eyes to the screen.

void vtkCamera::SetParallelScale ( double scale )

Set/Get the scaling used for a parallel projection, i.e. the height of the viewport in world-coordinate distances. The default is 1. Note that the "scale" parameter works as an "inverse scale" --- larger numbers produce smaller images. This method has no effect in perspective projection mode.

virtual double vtkCamera::GetParallelScale ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the scaling used for a parallel projection, i.e. the height of the viewport in world-coordinate distances. The default is 1. Note that the "scale" parameter works as an "inverse scale" --- larger numbers produce smaller images. This method has no effect in perspective projection mode.

void vtkCamera::Zoom ( double factor )

In perspective mode, decrease the view angle by the specified factor. In parallel mode, decrease the parallel scale by the specified factor. A value greater than 1 is a zoom-in, a value less than 1 is a zoom-out.

void vtkCamera::SetClippingRange	(	double	dNear,
		double	dFar
	)

Set/Get the location of the near and far clipping planes along the direction of projection. Both of these values must be positive. How the clipping planes are set can have a large impact on how well z-buffering works. In particular the front clipping plane can make a very big difference. Setting it to 0.01 when it really could be 1.0 can have a big impact on your z-buffer resolution farther away. The default clipping range is (0.1,1000).

void vtkCamera::SetClippingRange ( const double a[2] ) [inline]

Set/Get the location of the near and far clipping planes along the direction of projection. Both of these values must be positive. How the clipping planes are set can have a large impact on how well z-buffering works. In particular the front clipping plane can make a very big difference. Setting it to 0.01 when it really could be 1.0 can have a big impact on your z-buffer resolution farther away. The default clipping range is (0.1,1000).

Definition at line 205 of file vtkCamera.h.

virtual double* vtkCamera::GetClippingRange ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the location of the near and far clipping planes along the direction of projection. Both of these values must be positive. How the clipping planes are set can have a large impact on how well z-buffering works. In particular the front clipping plane can make a very big difference. Setting it to 0.01 when it really could be 1.0 can have a big impact on your z-buffer resolution farther away. The default clipping range is (0.1,1000).

virtual void vtkCamera::GetClippingRange	(	double &	,
		double &
	)			`[virtual]`

Set/Get the location of the near and far clipping planes along the direction of projection. Both of these values must be positive. How the clipping planes are set can have a large impact on how well z-buffering works. In particular the front clipping plane can make a very big difference. Setting it to 0.01 when it really could be 1.0 can have a big impact on your z-buffer resolution farther away. The default clipping range is (0.1,1000).

virtual void vtkCamera::GetClippingRange ( double [2] ) [virtual]

Set/Get the location of the near and far clipping planes along the direction of projection. Both of these values must be positive. How the clipping planes are set can have a large impact on how well z-buffering works. In particular the front clipping plane can make a very big difference. Setting it to 0.01 when it really could be 1.0 can have a big impact on your z-buffer resolution farther away. The default clipping range is (0.1,1000).

void vtkCamera::SetThickness ( double )

Set the distance between clipping planes. This method adjusts the far clipping plane to be set a distance 'thickness' beyond the near clipping plane.

virtual double vtkCamera::GetThickness ( ) [virtual]

Set the distance between clipping planes. This method adjusts the far clipping plane to be set a distance 'thickness' beyond the near clipping plane.

void vtkCamera::SetWindowCenter	(	double	x,
		double	y
	)

Set/Get the center of the window in viewport coordinates. The viewport coordinate range is ([-1,+1],[-1,+1]). This method is for if you have one window which consists of several viewports, or if you have several screens which you want to act together as one large screen.

virtual double* vtkCamera::GetWindowCenter ( ) [virtual]

Set/Get the center of the window in viewport coordinates. The viewport coordinate range is ([-1,+1],[-1,+1]). This method is for if you have one window which consists of several viewports, or if you have several screens which you want to act together as one large screen.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetWindowCenter	(	double &	,
		double &
	)			`[virtual]`

Set/Get the center of the window in viewport coordinates. The viewport coordinate range is ([-1,+1],[-1,+1]). This method is for if you have one window which consists of several viewports, or if you have several screens which you want to act together as one large screen.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetWindowCenter ( double [2] ) [virtual]

Set/Get the center of the window in viewport coordinates. The viewport coordinate range is ([-1,+1],[-1,+1]). This method is for if you have one window which consists of several viewports, or if you have several screens which you want to act together as one large screen.

void vtkCamera::SetObliqueAngles	(	double	alpha,
		double	beta
	)

Get/Set the oblique viewing angles. The first angle, alpha, is the angle (measured from the horizontal) that rays along the direction of projection will follow once projected onto the 2D screen. The second angle, beta, is the angle between the view plane and the direction of projection. This creates a shear transform x' = x + dz*cos(alpha)/tan(beta), y' = dz*sin(alpha)/tan(beta) where dz is the distance of the point from the focal plane. The angles are (45,90) by default. Oblique projections commonly use (30,63.435).

void vtkCamera::ApplyTransform ( vtkTransform * t )

Apply a transform to the camera. The camera position, focal-point, and view-up are re-calculated using the transform's matrix to multiply the old points by the new transform.

virtual double* vtkCamera::GetViewPlaneNormal ( ) [virtual]

Get the ViewPlaneNormal. This vector will point opposite to the direction of projection, unless you have created an sheared output view using SetViewShear/SetObliqueAngles.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetViewPlaneNormal	(	double &	,
		double &	,
		double &
	)			`[virtual]`

Get the ViewPlaneNormal. This vector will point opposite to the direction of projection, unless you have created an sheared output view using SetViewShear/SetObliqueAngles.

virtual void vtkCamera::GetViewPlaneNormal ( double [3] ) [virtual]

Get the ViewPlaneNormal. This vector will point opposite to the direction of projection, unless you have created an sheared output view using SetViewShear/SetObliqueAngles.

void vtkCamera::SetViewShear	(	double	dxdz,
		double	dydz,
		double	center
	)