interactive manipulation of the camera specialized for images More...

#include <vtkInteractorStyleImage.h>

Inheritance diagram for vtkInteractorStyleImage:

Collaboration diagram for vtkInteractorStyleImage:

Public Types
typedef vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera	Superclass

Public Types inherited from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera
typedef vtkInteractorStyle	Superclass

Public Types inherited from vtkInteractorStyle
typedef vtkInteractorObserver	Superclass

Public Types inherited from vtkInteractorObserver
typedef vtkObject	Superclass

Public Types inherited from vtkObject
typedef vtkObjectBase	Superclass

Public Member Functions
virtual int	IsA (const char *type)

vtkInteractorStyleImage *	NewInstance () const

void	PrintSelf (ostream &os, vtkIndent indent)

virtual void	OnChar ()

virtual void	WindowLevel ()

virtual void	Pick ()

virtual void	Slice ()

virtual void	StartWindowLevel ()

virtual void	EndWindowLevel ()

virtual void	StartPick ()

virtual void	EndPick ()

virtual void	StartSlice ()

virtual void	EndSlice ()


virtual int *	GetWindowLevelStartPosition ()

virtual void	GetWindowLevelStartPosition (int &, int &)

virtual void	GetWindowLevelStartPosition (int[2])

virtual int *	GetWindowLevelCurrentPosition ()

virtual void	GetWindowLevelCurrentPosition (int &, int &)

virtual void	GetWindowLevelCurrentPosition (int[2])


virtual void	OnMouseMove ()

virtual void	OnLeftButtonDown ()

virtual void	OnLeftButtonUp ()

virtual void	OnMiddleButtonDown ()

virtual void	OnMiddleButtonUp ()

virtual void	OnRightButtonDown ()

virtual void	OnRightButtonUp ()


virtual void	SetInteractionMode (int)

virtual int	GetInteractionMode ()

void	SetInteractionModeToImage2D ()

void	SetInteractionModeToImage3D ()

void	SetInteractionModeToImageSlicing ()


virtual void	SetXViewRightVector (double, double, double)

virtual void	SetXViewRightVector (double[3])

virtual double *	GetXViewRightVector ()

virtual void	GetXViewRightVector (double &, double &, double &)

virtual void	GetXViewRightVector (double[3])

virtual void	SetXViewUpVector (double, double, double)

virtual void	SetXViewUpVector (double[3])

virtual double *	GetXViewUpVector ()

virtual void	GetXViewUpVector (double &, double &, double &)

virtual void	GetXViewUpVector (double[3])

virtual void	SetYViewRightVector (double, double, double)

virtual void	SetYViewRightVector (double[3])

virtual double *	GetYViewRightVector ()

virtual void	GetYViewRightVector (double &, double &, double &)

virtual void	GetYViewRightVector (double[3])

virtual void	SetYViewUpVector (double, double, double)

virtual void	SetYViewUpVector (double[3])

virtual double *	GetYViewUpVector ()

virtual void	GetYViewUpVector (double &, double &, double &)

virtual void	GetYViewUpVector (double[3])

virtual void	SetZViewRightVector (double, double, double)

virtual void	SetZViewRightVector (double[3])

virtual double *	GetZViewRightVector ()

virtual void	GetZViewRightVector (double &, double &, double &)

virtual void	GetZViewRightVector (double[3])

virtual void	SetZViewUpVector (double, double, double)

virtual void	SetZViewUpVector (double[3])

virtual double *	GetZViewUpVector ()

virtual void	GetZViewUpVector (double &, double &, double &)

virtual void	GetZViewUpVector (double[3])


void	SetImageOrientation (const double leftToRight[3], const double bottomToTop[3])


vtkImageProperty *	GetCurrentImageProperty ()

Public Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera
vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera *	NewInstance () const

void	PrintSelf (ostream &os, vtkIndent indent)

virtual void	Rotate ()

virtual void	Spin ()

virtual void	Pan ()

virtual void	Dolly ()

virtual void	OnMouseWheelForward ()

virtual void	OnMouseWheelBackward ()

virtual void	SetMotionFactor (double)

virtual double	GetMotionFactor ()

Public Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorStyle
vtkInteractorStyle *	NewInstance () const

void	PrintSelf (ostream &os, vtkIndent indent)

virtual void	SetInteractor (vtkRenderWindowInteractor *interactor)

virtual void	SetEnabled (int)

void	FindPokedRenderer (int, int)

virtual void	OnKeyDown ()

virtual void	OnKeyUp ()

virtual void	OnKeyPress ()

virtual void	OnKeyRelease ()

virtual void	OnTimer ()

virtual void	SetAutoAdjustCameraClippingRange (int)

virtual int	GetAutoAdjustCameraClippingRange ()

virtual void	AutoAdjustCameraClippingRangeOn ()

virtual void	AutoAdjustCameraClippingRangeOff ()

virtual int	GetState ()

virtual int	GetUseTimers ()

virtual void	SetUseTimers (int)

virtual void	UseTimersOn ()

virtual void	UseTimersOff ()

virtual void	SetTimerDuration (unsigned long)

virtual unsigned long	GetTimerDuration ()

virtual void	SetHandleObservers (int)

virtual int	GetHandleObservers ()

virtual void	HandleObserversOn ()

virtual void	HandleObserversOff ()

virtual void	OnExpose ()

virtual void	OnConfigure ()

virtual void	OnEnter ()

virtual void	OnLeave ()

virtual void	Zoom ()

virtual void	UniformScale ()

virtual void	StartState (int newstate)

virtual void	StopState ()

virtual void	StartAnimate ()

virtual void	StopAnimate ()

virtual void	StartRotate ()

virtual void	EndRotate ()

virtual void	StartZoom ()

virtual void	EndZoom ()

virtual void	StartPan ()

virtual void	EndPan ()

virtual void	StartSpin ()

virtual void	EndSpin ()

virtual void	StartDolly ()

virtual void	EndDolly ()

virtual void	StartUniformScale ()

virtual void	EndUniformScale ()

virtual void	StartTimer ()

virtual void	EndTimer ()

virtual void	StartTwoPointer ()

virtual void	EndTwoPointer ()

virtual void	HighlightProp (vtkProp *prop)

virtual void	HighlightActor2D (vtkActor2D *actor2D)

virtual void	HighlightProp3D (vtkProp3D *prop3D)

virtual void	SetPickColor (double, double, double)

virtual void	SetPickColor (double[3])

virtual double *	GetPickColor ()

virtual void	GetPickColor (double data[3])

virtual void	SetMouseWheelMotionFactor (double)

virtual double	GetMouseWheelMotionFactor ()

virtual vtkTDxInteractorStyle *	GetTDxStyle ()

virtual void	SetTDxStyle (vtkTDxInteractorStyle *tdxStyle)

void	DelegateTDxEvent (unsigned long event, void *calldata)

Public Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorObserver
vtkInteractorObserver *	NewInstance () const

int	GetEnabled ()

void	EnabledOn ()

void	EnabledOff ()

void	On ()

void	Off ()

virtual vtkRenderWindowInteractor *	GetInteractor ()

virtual void	SetPriority (float)

virtual float	GetPriority ()

virtual void	PickingManagedOn ()

virtual void	PickingManagedOff ()

virtual void	SetPickingManaged (bool)

virtual bool	GetPickingManaged ()

virtual void	SetKeyPressActivation (int)

virtual int	GetKeyPressActivation ()

virtual void	KeyPressActivationOn ()

virtual void	KeyPressActivationOff ()

virtual void	SetKeyPressActivationValue (char)

virtual char	GetKeyPressActivationValue ()

virtual vtkRenderer *	GetDefaultRenderer ()

virtual void	SetDefaultRenderer (vtkRenderer *)

virtual vtkRenderer *	GetCurrentRenderer ()

virtual void	SetCurrentRenderer (vtkRenderer *)

void	GrabFocus (vtkCommand mouseEvents, vtkCommand keypressEvents=NULL)

void	ReleaseFocus ()

Public Member Functions inherited from vtkObject
vtkObject *	NewInstance () const

virtual void	DebugOn ()

virtual void	DebugOff ()

bool	GetDebug ()

void	SetDebug (bool debugFlag)

virtual void	Modified ()

virtual unsigned long	GetMTime ()

unsigned long	AddObserver (unsigned long event, vtkCommand *, float priority=0.0f)

unsigned long	AddObserver (const char event, vtkCommand , float priority=0.0f)

vtkCommand *	GetCommand (unsigned long tag)

void	RemoveObserver (vtkCommand *)

void	RemoveObservers (unsigned long event, vtkCommand *)

void	RemoveObservers (const char event, vtkCommand )

int	HasObserver (unsigned long event, vtkCommand *)

int	HasObserver (const char event, vtkCommand )

void	RemoveObserver (unsigned long tag)

void	RemoveObservers (unsigned long event)

void	RemoveObservers (const char *event)

void	RemoveAllObservers ()

int	HasObserver (unsigned long event)

int	HasObserver (const char *event)

template<class U , class T >
unsigned long	AddObserver (unsigned long event, U observer, void(T::*callback)(), float priority=0.0f)

template<class U , class T >
unsigned long	AddObserver (unsigned long event, U observer, void(T::callback)(vtkObject , unsigned long, void *), float priority=0.0f)

template<class U , class T >
unsigned long	AddObserver (unsigned long event, U observer, bool(T::callback)(vtkObject , unsigned long, void *), float priority=0.0f)

int	InvokeEvent (unsigned long event, void *callData)

int	InvokeEvent (const char event, void callData)

int	InvokeEvent (unsigned long event)

int	InvokeEvent (const char *event)

Public Member Functions inherited from vtkObjectBase
const char *	GetClassName () const

virtual void	Delete ()

virtual void	FastDelete ()

void	Print (ostream &os)

virtual void	Register (vtkObjectBase *o)

virtual void	UnRegister (vtkObjectBase *o)

void	SetReferenceCount (int)

void	PrintRevisions (ostream &)

virtual void	PrintHeader (ostream &os, vtkIndent indent)

virtual void	PrintTrailer (ostream &os, vtkIndent indent)

int	GetReferenceCount ()

Static Public Member Functions
static vtkInteractorStyleImage *	New ()

static int	IsTypeOf (const char *type)

static vtkInteractorStyleImage *	SafeDownCast (vtkObjectBase *o)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera
static vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera *	New ()

static int	IsTypeOf (const char *type)

static vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera *	SafeDownCast (vtkObjectBase *o)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorStyle
static vtkInteractorStyle *	New ()

static int	IsTypeOf (const char *type)

static vtkInteractorStyle *	SafeDownCast (vtkObjectBase *o)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorObserver
static int	IsTypeOf (const char *type)

static vtkInteractorObserver *	SafeDownCast (vtkObjectBase *o)

static void	ComputeDisplayToWorld (vtkRenderer *ren, double x, double y, double z, double worldPt[4])

static void	ComputeWorldToDisplay (vtkRenderer *ren, double x, double y, double z, double displayPt[3])

Static Public Member Functions inherited from vtkObject
static int	IsTypeOf (const char *type)

static vtkObject *	SafeDownCast (vtkObjectBase *o)

static vtkObject *	New ()

static void	BreakOnError ()

static void	SetGlobalWarningDisplay (int val)

static void	GlobalWarningDisplayOn ()

static void	GlobalWarningDisplayOff ()

static int	GetGlobalWarningDisplay ()

Static Public Member Functions inherited from vtkObjectBase
static int	IsTypeOf (const char *name)

static vtkObjectBase *	New ()

Protected Member Functions
virtual vtkObjectBase *	NewInstanceInternal () const

	vtkInteractorStyleImage ()

	~vtkInteractorStyleImage ()

void	SetCurrentImageToNthImage (int i)

Protected Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera
	vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera ()

	~vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera ()

virtual void	Dolly (double factor)

Protected Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorStyle
	vtkInteractorStyle ()

	~vtkInteractorStyle ()

Protected Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorObserver
	vtkInteractorObserver ()

	~vtkInteractorObserver ()

virtual void	RegisterPickers ()

void	UnRegisterPickers ()

virtual void	PickersModified ()

vtkPickingManager *	GetPickingManager ()

int	RequestCursorShape (int requestedShape)

virtual void	StartInteraction ()

virtual void	EndInteraction ()

void	ComputeDisplayToWorld (double x, double y, double z, double worldPt[4])

void	ComputeWorldToDisplay (double x, double y, double z, double displayPt[3])

vtkAssemblyPath *	GetAssemblyPath (double X, double Y, double Z, vtkAbstractPropPicker *picker)

Protected Member Functions inherited from vtkObject
	vtkObject ()

virtual	~vtkObject ()

virtual void	RegisterInternal (vtkObjectBase *, int check)

virtual void	UnRegisterInternal (vtkObjectBase *, int check)

void	InternalGrabFocus (vtkCommand mouseEvents, vtkCommand keypressEvents=NULL)

void	InternalReleaseFocus ()

Protected Member Functions inherited from vtkObjectBase
	vtkObjectBase ()

virtual	~vtkObjectBase ()

virtual void	CollectRevisions (ostream &)

virtual void	ReportReferences (vtkGarbageCollector *)

	vtkObjectBase (const vtkObjectBase &)

void	operator= (const vtkObjectBase &)

Protected Attributes
int	WindowLevelStartPosition [2]

int	WindowLevelCurrentPosition [2]

double	WindowLevelInitial [2]

vtkImageProperty *	CurrentImageProperty

int	InteractionMode

double	XViewRightVector [3]

double	XViewUpVector [3]

double	YViewRightVector [3]

double	YViewUpVector [3]

double	ZViewRightVector [3]

double	ZViewUpVector [3]

Protected Attributes inherited from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera
double	MotionFactor

Protected Attributes inherited from vtkInteractorStyle
int	State

int	AnimState

int	HandleObservers

int	UseTimers

int	TimerId

int	AutoAdjustCameraClippingRange

vtkOutlineSource *	Outline

vtkPolyDataMapper *	OutlineMapper

vtkActor *	OutlineActor

vtkRenderer *	PickedRenderer

vtkProp *	CurrentProp

vtkActor2D *	PickedActor2D

int	PropPicked

double	PickColor [3]

double	MouseWheelMotionFactor

unsigned long	TimerDuration

vtkEventForwarderCommand *	EventForwarder

vtkTDxInteractorStyle *	TDxStyle

Protected Attributes inherited from vtkInteractorObserver
int	Enabled

vtkCallbackCommand *	EventCallbackCommand

vtkCallbackCommand *	KeyPressCallbackCommand

float	Priority

bool	PickingManaged

int	KeyPressActivation

char	KeyPressActivationValue

vtkRenderWindowInteractor *	Interactor

vtkRenderer *	CurrentRenderer

vtkRenderer *	DefaultRenderer

unsigned long	CharObserverTag

unsigned long	DeleteObserverTag

vtkObserverMediator *	ObserverMediator

Protected Attributes inherited from vtkObject
bool	Debug

vtkTimeStamp	MTime

vtkSubjectHelper *	SubjectHelper

Protected Attributes inherited from vtkObjectBase
vtkAtomicInt32	ReferenceCount

vtkWeakPointerBase **	WeakPointers

Additional Inherited Members
Static Protected Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorStyle
static void	ProcessEvents (vtkObject object, unsigned long event, void clientdata, void *calldata)

Static Protected Member Functions inherited from vtkInteractorObserver
static void	ProcessEvents (vtkObject object, unsigned long event, void clientdata, void *calldata)

Detailed Description

interactive manipulation of the camera specialized for images

vtkInteractorStyleImage allows the user to interactively manipulate (rotate, pan, zoom etc.) the camera. vtkInteractorStyleImage is specially designed to work with images that are being rendered with vtkImageActor. Several events are overloaded from its superclass vtkInteractorStyle, hence the mouse bindings are different. (The bindings keep the camera's view plane normal perpendicular to the x-y plane.) In summary the mouse events for 2D image interaction are as follows:

Left Mouse button triggers window level events
CTRL Left Mouse spins the camera around its view plane normal
SHIFT Left Mouse pans the camera
CTRL SHIFT Left Mouse dollys (a positional zoom) the camera
Middle mouse button pans the camera
Right mouse button dollys the camera.
SHIFT Right Mouse triggers pick events

If SetInteractionModeToImageSlicing() is called, then some of the mouse events are changed as follows:

CTRL Left Mouse slices through the image
SHIFT Middle Mouse slices through the image
CTRL Right Mouse spins the camera

If SetInteractionModeToImage3D() is called, then some of the mouse events are changed as follows:

SHIFT Left Mouse rotates the camera for oblique slicing
SHIFT Middle Mouse slices through the image
CTRL Right Mouse also slices through the image

In all modes, the following key bindings are in effect:

R Reset the Window/Level
X Reset to a sagittal view
Y Reset to a coronal view
Z Reset to an axial view

Note that the renderer's actors are not moved; instead the camera is moved.

See also: vtkInteractorStyle vtkInteractorStyleTrackballActor vtkInteractorStyleJoystickCamera vtkInteractorStyleJoystickActor

Events:: vtkCommand::StartWindowLevelEvent vtkCommand::StartPickEvent vtkCommand::EndWindowLevelEvent vtkCommand::WindowLevelEvent vtkCommand::EndPickEvent vtkCommand::PickEvent vtkCommand::ResetWindowLevelEvent vtkCommand::InteractionEvent

Examples:: vtkInteractorStyleImage (Examples)

Tests:: vtkInteractorStyleImage (Tests)

Definition at line 87 of file vtkInteractorStyleImage.h.

Member Typedef Documentation

typedef vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera vtkInteractorStyleImage::Superclass

Definition at line 91 of file vtkInteractorStyleImage.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

vtkInteractorStyleImage::vtkInteractorStyleImage ( )

protected

vtkInteractorStyleImage::~vtkInteractorStyleImage ( )

protected

Member Function Documentation

static vtkInteractorStyleImage* vtkInteractorStyleImage::New ( )

static

static int vtkInteractorStyleImage::IsTypeOf ( const char * type )

static

virtual int vtkInteractorStyleImage::IsA ( const char * name )

virtual

Return 1 if this class is the same type of (or a subclass of) the named class. Returns 0 otherwise. This method works in combination with vtkTypeMacro found in vtkSetGet.h.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

Reimplemented in vtkInteractorStyleTreeMapHover.

static vtkInteractorStyleImage* vtkInteractorStyleImage::SafeDownCast ( vtkObjectBase * o )

static

virtual vtkObjectBase* vtkInteractorStyleImage::NewInstanceInternal ( ) const

protectedvirtual

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

Reimplemented in vtkInteractorStyleTreeMapHover.

vtkInteractorStyleImage* vtkInteractorStyleImage::NewInstance ( ) const

void vtkInteractorStyleImage::PrintSelf	(	ostream &	os,
		vtkIndent	indent
	)

virtual

Methods invoked by print to print information about the object including superclasses. Typically not called by the user (use Print() instead) but used in the hierarchical print process to combine the output of several classes.

Reimplemented from vtkObject.

Reimplemented in vtkInteractorStyleTreeMapHover.

virtual int* vtkInteractorStyleImage::GetWindowLevelStartPosition ( )

virtual

Some useful information for handling window level

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::GetWindowLevelStartPosition	(	int &	,
		int &
	)

virtual

Some useful information for handling window level

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::GetWindowLevelStartPosition ( int [2] )

virtual

Some useful information for handling window level

virtual int* vtkInteractorStyleImage::GetWindowLevelCurrentPosition ( )

virtual

Some useful information for handling window level

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::GetWindowLevelCurrentPosition	(	int &	,
		int &
	)

virtual

Some useful information for handling window level

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::GetWindowLevelCurrentPosition ( int [2] )

virtual

Some useful information for handling window level

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnMouseMove ( )

virtual

Event bindings controlling the effects of pressing mouse buttons or moving the mouse.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

Reimplemented in vtkInteractorStyleTreeMapHover.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnLeftButtonDown ( )

virtual

Event bindings controlling the effects of pressing mouse buttons or moving the mouse.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnLeftButtonUp ( )

virtual

Event bindings controlling the effects of pressing mouse buttons or moving the mouse.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

Reimplemented in vtkInteractorStyleTreeMapHover.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnMiddleButtonDown ( )

virtual

Event bindings controlling the effects of pressing mouse buttons or moving the mouse.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnMiddleButtonUp ( )

virtual

Event bindings controlling the effects of pressing mouse buttons or moving the mouse.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnRightButtonDown ( )

virtual

Event bindings controlling the effects of pressing mouse buttons or moving the mouse.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnRightButtonUp ( )

virtual

Event bindings controlling the effects of pressing mouse buttons or moving the mouse.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::OnChar ( )

virtual

Override the "fly-to" (f keypress) for images.

Reimplemented from vtkInteractorStyle.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::WindowLevel ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::Pick ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::Slice ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::StartWindowLevel ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::EndWindowLevel ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::StartPick ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::EndPick ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::StartSlice ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::EndSlice ( )

virtual

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::SetInteractionMode ( int )

virtual

Set/Get current mode to 2D or 3D. The default is 2D. In 3D mode, it is possible to rotate the camera to view oblique slices. In Slicing mode, it is possible to slice through the data, but not to generate oblique views by rotating the camera.

virtual int vtkInteractorStyleImage::GetInteractionMode ( )

virtual

Set/Get current mode to 2D or 3D. The default is 2D. In 3D mode, it is possible to rotate the camera to view oblique slices. In Slicing mode, it is possible to slice through the data, but not to generate oblique views by rotating the camera.

void vtkInteractorStyleImage::SetInteractionModeToImage2D ( )

inline

Set/Get current mode to 2D or 3D. The default is 2D. In 3D mode, it is possible to rotate the camera to view oblique slices. In Slicing mode, it is possible to slice through the data, but not to generate oblique views by rotating the camera.

Definition at line 138 of file vtkInteractorStyleImage.h.

void vtkInteractorStyleImage::SetInteractionModeToImage3D ( )

inline

Set/Get current mode to 2D or 3D. The default is 2D. In 3D mode, it is possible to rotate the camera to view oblique slices. In Slicing mode, it is possible to slice through the data, but not to generate oblique views by rotating the camera.

Definition at line 140 of file vtkInteractorStyleImage.h.

void vtkInteractorStyleImage::SetInteractionModeToImageSlicing ( )

inline

Set/Get current mode to 2D or 3D. The default is 2D. In 3D mode, it is possible to rotate the camera to view oblique slices. In Slicing mode, it is possible to slice through the data, but not to generate oblique views by rotating the camera.

Definition at line 142 of file vtkInteractorStyleImage.h.

virtual void vtkInteractorStyleImage::SetXViewRightVector	(	double	,
		double	,
		double
	)

virtual